Вклад авторов
Концепция: L.W.K. и X.H.; методология: L.W.K. и X.H.; анализ: L.W.K.; визуализация: L.W.K.; руководство: X.H.; рецензирование рукописи: X.H. и H.H.N. Все авторы прочитали и одобрили опубликованную версию рукописи.
Финансирование
Исследование выполнено при поддержке «Программы совместных исследований по развитию сельскохозяйственной науки и технологий» (проект № PJ017000) Управления развития сельских районов Республики Корея.
Заявление о доступности данных
Не применимо.
Конфликт интересов
Авторы заявляют об отсутствии конфликта интересов.
Список литературы
1. Moghadam, P.; Ward, D.; Goan, E.; Jayawardena, S.; Sikka, P.; Hernandez, E. Plant Disease Detection Using Hyperspectral Imaging. In Proceedings of the 2017 International Conference on Digital Image Computing: Techniques and Applications (DICTA), Sydney, Australia, 29 November–1 December 2017; IEEE: Sydney, Australia, November 2017; pp. 1–8.
2. Lowe, A.; Harrison, N.; French, A.P. Hyperspectral Image Analysis Techniques for the Detection and Classification of the Early Onset of Plant Disease and Stress. Plant Methods 2017, 13, 80. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13007-017-0233-z.
3. Khan, M.J.; Khan, H.S.; Yousaf, A.; Khurshid, K.; Abbas, A. Modern Trends in Hyperspectral Image Analysis: A Review. IEEE Access 2018, 6, 14118–14129. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2812999.
4. Nagasubramanian, K.; Jones, S.; Singh, A.K.; Sarkar, S.; Singh, A.; Ganapathysubramanian, B. Plant Disease Identification Using Explainable 3D Deep Learning on Hyperspectral Images. Plant Methods 2019, 15, 98. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13007-019-0479-8.
5. Agrios, G.N. Plant Pathogens and Disease: General Introduction. Encyclopedia of Microbiology, 3rd ed.; Academic Press: Cambridge, MA, USA, 2009.
6. Gates, D.M.; Keegan, H.J.; Scshleter, J.C.; Weidner, V.R. Spectral Properties of Plants. Appl. Opt. 1965, 4, 11. https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.4.000011.
7. Salcedo, A.F.; Purayannur, S.; Standish, J.R.; Miles, T.; Thiessen, L.; Quesada-Ocampo, L.M. Fantastic Downy Mildew Pathogens and How to Find Them: Advances in Detection and Diagnostics. Plants 2021, 10, 435. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10030435.
8. Lu, G.; Fei, B. Medical Hyperspectral Imaging: A Review. J. Biomed. Opt. 2014, 19, 010901. https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JBO.19.1.010901.
9. Chen, Y.; Jiang, H.; Li, C.; Jia, X.; Ghamisi, P. Deep Feature Extraction and Classification of Hyperspectral Images Based on Convolutional Neural Networks. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. 2016, 54, 6232–6251. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2016.2584107.
10. Foster, D.H.; Amano, K. Hyperspectral Imaging in Color Vision Research: Tutorial. J. Opt. Soc. Am. A. 2019, 36, 606. https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAA.36.000606.
11. Kumar, R.; Pathak, S.; Prakash, N.; Priya, U.; Ghatak, A. Application of Spectroscopic Techniques in Early Detection of Fungal Plant Pathogens. In Diagnostics of Plant Diseases; Kurouski, D., Ed.; IntechOpen: London, UK, 2021; ISBN 978-1-83962-515-2.
12. Xuan, G.; Li, Q.; Shao, Y.; Shi, Y. Early Diagnosis and Pathogenesis Monitoring of Wheat Powdery Mildew Caused by Blumeria Graminis Using Hyperspectral Imaging. Comput. Electron. Agric. 2022, 197, 106921. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2022.106921.
13. Bauriegel, E.; Herppich, W. Hyperspectral and Chlorophyll Fluorescence Imaging for Early Detection of Plant Diseases, with Special Reference to Fusarium Spec. Infections on Wheat. Agriculture 2014, 4, 32–57. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture4010032.
14. Kuska, M.T.; Brugger, A.; Thomas, S.; Wahabzada, M.; Kersting, K.; Oerke, E.-C.; Steiner, U.; Mahlein, A.-K. Spectral Patterns Reveal Early Resistance Reactions of Barley Against Blumeria Graminis f. Sp. Hordei. Phytopathology 2017, 107, 1388–1398. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-04-17-0128-R.
15. Zhong, Y.; Wang, X.; Xu, Y.; Wang, S.; Jia, T.; Hu, X.; Zhao, J.; Wei, L.; Zhang, L. Mini-UAV-Borne Hyperspectral Remote Sensing: From Observation and Processing to Applications. IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Mag. 2018, 6, 46–62. https://doi.org/10.1109/MGRS.2018.2867592.
16. Rejeb, A.; Abdollahi, A.; Rejeb, K.; Treiblmaier, H. Drones in Agriculture: A Review and Bibliometric Analysis. Comput. Electron. Agric. 2022, 198, 107017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2022.107017.
17. Jia, S.; Jiang, S.; Lin, Z.; Li, N.; Xu, M.; Yu, S. A Survey: Deep Learning for Hyperspectral Image Classification with Few Labeled Samples. Neurocomputing 2021, 448, 179–204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neucom.2021.03.035.
18. Rehman, A. ul; Qureshi, S.A. A Review of the Medical Hyperspectral Imaging Systems and Unmixing Algorithms’ in Biological Tissues. Photodiagnosis. Photodyn. Ther. 2021, 33, 102165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.102165.
19. Zhang, J. A Hybrid Clustering Method with a Filter Feature Selection for Hyperspectral Image Classification. J. Imaging 2022, 8, 180. https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging8070180.
20. Paoletti, M.E.; Haut, J.M.; Plaza, J.; Plaza, A. Deep Learning Classifiers for Hyperspectral Imaging: A Review. ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens. 2019, 158, 279–317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2019.09.006.
21. Li, Y.; Zhang, H.; Shen, Q. Spectral–Spatial Classification of Hyperspectral Imagery with 3D Convolutional Neural Network. Remote Sens. 2017, 9, 67. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9010067.
22. Terentev, A.; Dolzhenko, V.; Fedotov, A.; Eremenko, D. Current State of Hyperspectral Remote Sensing for Early Plant Disease Detection: A Review. Sensors 2022, 22, 757. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22030757.
23. Fotiadou, K.; Tsagkatakis, G.; Tsakalides, P. Deep Convolutional Neural Networks for the Classification of Snapshot Mosaic Hyperspectral Imagery. J. Electron. Imaging 2017, 29, 185–190. https://doi.org/10.2352/ISSN.2470-1173.2017.17.COIMG-445.
24. Jung, D.-H.; Kim, J.D.; Kim, H.-Y.; Lee, T.S.; Kim, H.S.; Park, S.H. A Hyperspectral Data 3D Convolutional Neural Network Classification Model for Diagnosis of Gray Mold Disease in Strawberry Leaves. Front. Plant Sci. 2022, 13, 837020. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.837020.
25. Selci, S. The Future of Hyperspectral Imaging. J. Imaging 2019, 5, 84. https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging5110084.
26. Amigo, J.M. Hyperspectral and Multispectral Imaging: Setting the Scene. In Data Handling in Science and Technology; Elsevier: Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2019; Volume 32, pp. 3–16; ISBN 978-0-444-63977-6.
27. Boreman, G.D. Classification of Imaging Spectrometers for Remote Sensing Applications. Opt. Eng 2005, 44, 013602. https://doi.org/10.1117/1.1813441.
28. Boldrini, B.; Kessler, W.; Rebner, K.; Kessler, R.W. Hyperspectral Imaging: A Review of Best Practice, Performance and Pitfalls for in-Line and on-Line Applications. J. Near Infrared Spectrosc. 2012, 20, 483–508. https://doi.org/10.1255/jnirs.1003.
29. Vasefi, F.; Booth, N.; Hafizi, H.; Farkas, D.L. Multimode Hyperspectral Imaging for Food Quality and Safety. In Hyperspectral Imaging in Agriculture, Food and Environment; Maldonado, A.I.L., Fuentes, H.R., Contreras, J.A.V., Eds.; InTech: London, UK, 2018.
30. Li, X.; Li, R.; Wang, M.; Liu, Y.; Zhang, B.; Zhou, J. Hyperspectral Imaging and Their Applications in the Nondestructive Quality Assessment of Fruits and Vegetables. In Hyperspectral Imaging in Agriculture, Food and Environment; Maldonado, A.I.L., Fuentes, H.R., Contreras, J.A.V., Eds.; InTech: London, UK, 2018; ISBN 978-1-78923-290-5.
31. Hagen, N.; Kudenov, M.W. Review of Snapshot Spectral Imaging Technologies. Opt. Eng 2013, 52, 090901. https://doi.org/10.1117/1.OE.52.9.090901.
32. Sousa, J.J.; Toscano, P.; Matese, A.; Di Gennaro, S.F.; Berton, A.; Gatti, M.; Poni, S.; Pádua, L.; Hruška, J.; Morais, R.; et al. UAV- Based Hyperspectral Monitoring Using Push-Broom and Snapshot Sensors: A Multisite Assessment for Precision Viticulture Applications. Sensors 2022, 22, 6574. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22176574.
33. Jung, A.; Michels, R.; Graser, R. Portable Snapshot Spectral Imaging for Agriculture. Acta Agrar. Debr. 2018, 221–225. https://doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/150/1718.
34. Mishra, P.; Asaari, M.S.M.; Herrero-Langreo, A.; Lohumi, S.; Diezma, B.; Scheunders, P. Close Range Hyperspectral Imaging of Plants: A Review. Biosyst. Eng. 2017, 164, 49–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2017.09.009.
35. Wan, L.; Li, H.; Li, C.; Wang, A.; Yang, Y.; Wang, P. Hyperspectral Sensing of Plant Diseases: Principle and Methods. Agronomy 2022, 12, 1451. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12061451.
36. Cheshkova, A.F. A Review of Hyperspectral Image Analysis Techniques for Plant Disease Detection and Identif Ication. Vavilovskii J. Genet. Breed 2022, 26, 202–213, doi:doi: 10.18699/VJGB-22-25.
37. Roman, A.; Ursu, T. Multispectral Satellite Imagery and Airborne Laser Scanning Techniques for the Detection of Archaeological Vegetation Marks. In Landscape Archaeology on the Northern Frontier of the Roman Empire at Porolissum—An Interdisciplinary Research Project; Mega Publishing House: Montreal, Canada, 2016; pp. 141–152.
38. Berdugo, C.A.; Zito, R.; Paulus, S.; Mahlein, A.-K. Fusion of Sensor Data for the Detection and Differentiation of Plant Diseases in Cucumber. Plant Pathol. 2014, 63, 1344–1356. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppa.12219.
39. Ahmed, M.R.; Yasmin, J.; Mo, C.; Lee, H.; Kim, M.S.; Hong, S.-J.; Cho, B.-K. Outdoor Applications of Hyperspectral Imaging Technology for Monitoring Agricultural Crops: A Review. J. Biosyst. Eng. 2016, 41, 396–407. https://doi.org/10.5307/JBE.2016.41.4.396.
40. He, Y.; Bo, Y.; Chai, L.; Liu, X.; Li, A. Linking in Situ LAI and Fine Resolution Remote Sensing Data to Map Reference LAI over Cropland and Grassland Using Geostatistical Regression Method. Int. J. Appl. Earth Obs. Geoinf. 2016, 50, 26–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2016.02.010.
41. Schaepman-Strub, G.; Schaepman, M.E.; Painter, T.H.; Dangel, S.; Martonchik, J.V. Reflectance Quantities in Optical Remote Sensing—Definitions and Case Studies. Remote Sens. Environ. 2006, 103, 27–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2006.03.002.
42. Hamylton, S.; Hedley, J.; Beaman, R. Derivation of High-Resolution Bathymetry from Multispectral Satellite Imagery: A Comparison of Empirical and Optimisation Methods through Geographical Error Analysis. Remote Sens. 2015, 7, 16257–16273. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs71215829.
43. Shaikh, M.S.; Jaferzadeh, K.; Thörnberg, B.; Casselgren, J. Calibration of a Hyper-Spectral Imaging System Using a Low-Cost Reference. Sensors 2021, 21, 3738. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21113738.
44. Guo, Y.; Senthilnath, J.; Wu, W.; Zhang, X.; Zeng, Z.; Huang, H. Radiometric Calibration for Multispectral Camera of Different Imaging Conditions Mounted on a UAV Platform. Sustainability 2019, 11, 978. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11040978.
45. Duan, T.; Chapman, S.C.; Guo, Y.; Zheng, B. Dynamic Monitoring of NDVI in Wheat Agronomy and Breeding Trials Using an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle. Field Crop. Res. 2017, 210, 71–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2017.05.025.
46. Suomalainen, J.; Anders, N.; Iqbal, S.; Roerink, G.; Franke, J.; Wenting, P.; Hünniger, D.; Bartholomeus, H.; Becker, R.; Kooistra, L. A Lightweight Hyperspectral Mapping System and Photogrammetric Processing Chain for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles. Remote Sens. 2014, 6, 11013–11030. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs61111013.
47. Hakala, T.; Markelin, L.; Honkavaara, E.; Scott, B.; Theocharous, T.; Nevalainen, O.; Näsi, R.; Suomalainen, J.; Viljanen, N.; Greenwell, C.; et al. Direct Reflectance Measurements from Drones: Sensor Absolute Radiometric Calibration and System Tests for Forest Reflectance Characterization. Sensors 2018, 18, 1417. https://doi.org/10.3390/s18051417.
48. Smith, G.M.; Milton, E.J. The Use of the Empirical Line Method to Calibrate Remotely Sensed Data to Reflectance. Int. J. Remote Sens. 1999, 20, 2653–2662. https://doi.org/10.1080/014311699211994.
49. Geladi, P.; Burger, J.; Lestander, T. Hyperspectral Imaging: Calibration Problems and Solutions. Chemom. Intell. Lab. Syst. 2004, 72, 209–217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemolab.2004.01.023.
50. Ahmed, F.; Mohanta, J.C.; Keshari, A.; Yadav, P.S. Recent Advances in Unmanned Aerial Vehicles: A Review. Arab. J. Sci. Eng. 2022, 47, 7963–7984. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-022-06738-0.
51. Pothuganti, K.; Jariso, M.; Kale, P. A Review on Geo Mapping with Unmanned Aerial Vehicles. Int. J. Innov. Res. Technol. Sci. Eng. 2017, 5, 1170–1177. https://doi.org/10.15680/IJIRCCE.2017. 0501126.
52. Wang, X.; Wang, H.; Zhang, H.; Wang, M.; Wang, L.; Cui, K.; Lu, C.; Ding, Y. A Mini Review on UAV Mission Planning. JIMO 2022. https://doi.org/10.3934/jimo.2022089.
53. UgCS. Ground Station Software|UgCS PC Mission Planning. Available online: https://www.ugcs.com/ (accessed on 18 September 2022).
54. PIX4Dcapture: Free Drone Flight Planning App for Optimal 3D Mapping and Modeling. Available online: https://www.pix4d.com/ (accessed on 18 September 2022).
55. Drone Mapping Software|Drone Mapping App|UAV Mapping|Surveying Software|DroneDeploy. Available online: https://www.dronedeploy.com/ (accessed on 19 September 2022).
56. DJI Pilot for Android—DJI Download Center—DJI. Available online: https://www.dji.com/downloads/djiapp/dji-pilot (accessed on 18 September 2022).
57. Nex, F.; Remondino, F. UAV for 3D Mapping Applications: A Review. Appl. Geomat. 2014, 6, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12518-013-0120-x.
58. Federman, A.; Santana Quintero, M.; Kretz, S.; Gregg, J.; Lengies, M.; Ouimet, C.; Laliberte, J. Uav Photgrammetric Workflows: A Best Practice Guideline. Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci. 2017, XLII-2/W5, 237–244. https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-2-W5-237-2017.
59. Oniga, V.-E.; Breaban, A.-I.; Statescu, F. Determining the Optimum Number of Ground Control Points for Obtaining High Precision Results Based on UAS Images. In Proceedings of the The 2nd International Electronic Conference on Remote Sensing, Virtual, 22 March–5 April 2018; MDPI: Basel, Switzerland, 2018; p. 352.
60. Han, X.; Thomasson, J.A.; Wang, T.; Swaminathan, V. Autonomous Mobile Ground Control Point Improves Accuracy of Agricultural Remote Sensing through Collaboration with UAV. Inventions 2020, 5, 12. https://doi.org/10.3390/inventions5010012.
61. Ronchetti, G.; Mayer, A.; Facchi, A.; Ortuani, B.; Sona, G. Crop Row Detection through UAV Surveys to Optimize On-Farm Irrigation Management. Remote Sens. 2020, 12, 1967. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12121967.
62. Zhang, K.; Okazawa, H.; Hayashi, K.; Hayashi, T.; Fiwa, L.; Maskey, S. Optimization of Ground Control Point Distribution for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Photogrammetry for Inaccessible Fields. Sustainability 2022, 14, 9505. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14159505.
63. Image Composite Editor—Microsoft Research. Available online: https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/project/image- composite-editor/ (accessed on 18 September 2022).
64. Lu, J.; Tan, L.; Jiang, H. Review on Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) Applied to Plant Leaf Disease Classification. Agriculture 2021, 11, 707. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11080707.
65. Patterson, J.; Gibson, A. A Review of Machine Learning. In Deep Learning: A Practitioner’s Approach; O’Reilly Media, Inc.: Sebastopol, CA, USA, 2017.
66. Sarker, I.H. Deep Learning: A Comprehensive Overview on Techniques, Taxonomy, Applications and Research Directions. SN Comput. Sci. 2021, 2, 420. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42979-021-00815-1.
67. Alzubaidi, L.; Zhang, J.; Humaidi, A.J.; Al-Dujaili, A.; Duan, Y.; Al-Shamma, O.; Santamaría, J.; Fadhel, M.A.; Al-Amidie, M.; Farhan, L. Review of Deep Learning: Concepts, CNN Architectures, Challenges, Applications, Future Directions. J. Big Data 2021, 8, 53. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40537-021-00444-8.
68. Shetty, A.K.; Saha, I.; Sanghvi, R.M.; Save, S.A.; Patel, Y.J. A Review: Object Detection Models. In Proceedings of the 2021 6th International Conference for Convergence in Technology (I2CT), Pune, India, 2–4 April 2021; IEEE: Maharashtra, India, 2021; pp. 1–8.
69. Yamashita, R.; Nishio, M.; Do, R.K.G.; Togashi, K. Convolutional Neural Networks: An Overview and Application in Radiology. Insights Imaging 2018, 9, 611–629. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13244-018-0639-9.
70. Elngar, A.A.; Arafa, M.; Fathy, A.; Moustafa, B.; Mahmoud, O.; Shaban, M.; Fawzy, N. Image Classification Based On CNN: A Survey. JCIM 2021, PP. 18-50. https://doi.org/10.54216/JCIM.060102.
71. Dhillon, A.; Verma, G.K. Convolutional Neural Network: A Review of Models, Methodologies and Applications to Object Detection. Prog. Artif. Intell. 2020, 9, 85–112. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13748-019-00203-0.
72. Wu, H.; Liu, Q.; Liu, X. A Review on Deep Learning Approaches to Image Classification and Object Segmentation. Comput. Mater. Contin. 2019, 60, 575–597. https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2019.03595.
73. Liu, J.; Wang, X. Plant Diseases and Pests Detection Based on Deep Learning: A Review. Plant Methods 2021, 17, 22. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13007-021-00722-9.
74. Grosse, R.B. Lecture 9: Generalization; University of Toronto: Toronto, Canada, 2018.
75. Willemink, M.J.; Koszek, W.A.; Hardell, C.; Wu, J.; Fleischmann, D.; Harvey, H.; Folio, L.R.; Summers, R.M.; Rubin, D.L.; Lungren, M.P. Preparing Medical Imaging Data for Machine Learning. Radiology 2020, 295, 4–15. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2020192224.
76. Chang, K.; Balachandar, N.; Lam, C.; Yi, D.; Brown, J.; Beers, A.; Rosen, B.; Rubin, D.L.; Kalpathy-Cramer, J. Distributed Deep Learning Networks among Institutions for Medical Imaging. J. Am. Med. Inform. Assoc. 2018, 25, 945–954. https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocy017.
77. Feras, A.B.; Ruixin, Y. Data Democracy; Academic Press: Cambridge, MA, USA, 2020.
78. Smith, K.K.; Varun, B.; Sachin, T.; Gabesh, R.S. Artificial Intelligence-Based Brain-Computer Interface; Academic Press: Cambridge, MA, USA, 2022.
79. Hicks, S.A.; Strümke, I.; Thambawita, V.; Hammou, M.; Riegler, M.A.; Halvorsen, P.; Parasa, S. On Evaluation Metrics for Medical Applications of Artificial Intelligence. Sci. Rep. 2022, 12, 5979. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-09954-8.
80. Padilla, R.; Netto, S.L.; da Silva, E.A.B. A Survey on Performance Metrics for Object-Detection Algorithms. In Proceedings of the 2020 International Conference on Systems, Signals and Image Processing (IWSSIP), Niterói, Brazil, 1–3 July 2020; pp. 237–242.
81. Yu, R.; Luo, Y.; Li, H.; Yang, L.; Huang, H.; Yu, L.; Ren, L. Three-Dimensional Convolutional Neural Network Model for Early Detection of Pine Wilt Disease Using UAV-Based Hyperspectral Images. Remote Sens. 2021, 13, 4065. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13204065.
82. Zhang, X.; Han, L.; Dong, Y.; Shi, Y.; Huang, W.; Han, L.; González-Moreno, P.; Ma, H.; Ye, H.; Sobeih, T. A Deep Learning- Based Approach for Automated Yellow Rust Disease Detection from High-Resolution Hyperspectral UAV Images. Remote Sens. 2019, 11, 1554. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11131554.
83. He, K.; Zhang, X.; Ren, S.; Sun, J. Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognition. arXiv 2015, arXiv:1512.03385. https://doi.org/10.48550/ARXIV.1512.03385.
84. Szegedy, C.; Wei, L.; Yangqing, J.; Sermanet, P.; Reed, S.; Anguelov, D.; Erhan, D.; Vanhoucke, V.; Rabinovich, A. Going Deeper with Convolutions. In Proceedings of the 2015 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), Boston, MA, USA, 7–12 June 2015; pp. 1–9.
85. Shi, Y.; Han, L.; Kleerekoper, A.; Chang, S.; Hu, T. Novel CropdocNet Model for Automated Potato Late Blight Disease Detection from Unmanned Aerial Vehicle-Based Hyperspectral Imagery. Remote Sens. 2022, 14, 396. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14020396.
86. Kerkech, M.; Hafiane, A.; Canals, R. Vine Disease Detection in UAV Multispectral Images Using Optimized Image Registration and Deep Learning Segmentation Approach. Comput. Electron. Agric. 2020, 174, 105446. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2020.105446.
87. Guo, A.; Huang, W.; Dong, Y.; Ye, H.; Ma, H.; Liu, B.; Wu, W.; Ren, Y.; Ruan, C.; Geng, Y. Wheat Yellow Rust Detection Using UAV- Based Hyperspectral Technology. Remote Sens. 2021, 13, 123. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13010123.
88. Yu, R.; Luo, Y.; Zhou, Q.; Zhang, X.; Wu, D.; Ren, L. Early Detection of Pine Wilt Disease Using Deep Learning Algorithms and UAV- Based Multispectral Imagery. For. Ecol. Manag. 2021, 497, 119493. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2021.119493.
89. Ha, J.G.; Moon, H.; Kwak, J.T.; Hassan, S.I.; Dang, M.; Lee, O.N.; Park, H.Y. Deep Convolutional Neural Network for Classifying Fusarium Wilt of Radish from Unmanned Aerial Vehicles. J. Appl. Remote Sens. 2017, 11, 1. https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JRS.11.042621.
90. Qin, J.; Wang, B.; Wu, Y.; Lu, Q.; Zhu, H. Identifying Pine Wood Nematode Disease Using UAV Images and Deep Learning Algorithms. Remote Sens. 2021, 13, 162. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13020162.
91. Xia, L.; Zhang, R.; Chen, L.; Li, L.; Yi, T.; Wen, Y.; Ding, C.; Xie, C. Evaluation of Deep Learning Segmentation Models for Detection of Pine Wilt Disease in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Images. Remote Sens. 2021, 13, 3594. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13183594.
92. Yu, R.; Luo, Y.; Zhou, Q.; Zhang, X.; Wu, D.; Ren, L. A Machine Learning Algorithm to Detect Pine Wilt Disease Using UAV- Based Hyperspectral Imagery and LiDAR Data at the Tree Level. Int. J. Appl. Earth Obs. Geoinf. 2021, 101, 102363. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2021.102363.
93. Wu, B.; Liang, A.; Zhang, H.; Zhu, T.; Zou, Z.; Yang, D.; Tang, W.; Li, J.; Su, J. Application of Conventional UAV-Based High- Throughput Object Detection to the Early Diagnosis of Pine Wilt Disease by Deep Learning. For. Ecol. Manag. 2021, 486, 118986. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2021.118986.
94. Ahmad, A.; Saraswat, D.; El Gamal, A. A Survey on Using Deep Learning Techniques for Plant Disease Diagnosis and Recommendations for Development of Appropriate Tools. Smart Agric. Technol. 2023, 3, 100083. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atech.2022.100083.
95. Zhang, N.; Wang, Y.; Zhang, X. Extraction of Tree Crowns Damaged by Dendrolimus Tabulaeformis Tsai et Liu via Spectral-Spatial Classification Using UAV-Based Hyperspectral Images. Plant Methods 2020, 16, 135. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13007-020-00678-2.
96. Yu, R.; Ren, L.; Luo, Y. Early Detection of Pine Wilt Disease in Pinus Tabuliformis in North China Using a Field Portable Spectrometer and UAV-Based Hyperspectral Imagery. For. Ecosyst. 2021, 8, 44. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40663-021-00328-6.
97. Bohnenkamp, D.; Behmann, J.; Mahlein, A.-K. In-Field Detection of Yellow Rust in Wheat on the Ground Canopy and UAV Scale. Remote Sens. 2019, 11, 2495. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11212495.
98. Abdulridha, J.; Ampatzidis, Y.; Roberts, P.; Kakarla, S.C. Detecting Powdery Mildew Disease in Squash at Different Stages Using UAV-Based Hyperspectral Imaging and Artificial Intelligence. Biosyst. Eng. 2020, 197, 135–148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2020.07.001.
99. Abdulridha, J.; Batuman, O.; Ampatzidis, Y. UAV-Based Remote Sensing Technique to Detect Citrus Canker Disease Utilizing Hyperspectral Imaging and Machine Learning. Remote Sens. 2019, 11, 1373. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11111373.
100. Abdulridha, J.; Ampatzidis, Y.; Qureshi, J.; Roberts, P. Laboratory and UAV-Based Identification and Classification of Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl, Bacterial Spot, and Target Spot Diseases in Tomato Utilizing Hyperspectral Imaging and Machine Learning. Remote Sens. 2020, 12, 2732. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12172732.
101. Wan, L.; Zhu, J.; Du, X.; Zhang, J.; Han, X.; Zhou, W.; Li, X.; Liu, J.; Liang, F.; He, Y.; et al. A Model for Phenotyping Crop Fractional Vegetation Cover Using Imagery from Unmanned Aerial Vehicles. J. Exp. Bot. 2021, 72, 4691–4707. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erab194.
102. Han, X.; Thomasson, J.A.; Bagnall, G.C.; Pugh, N.A.; Horne, D.W.; Rooney, W.L.; Jung, J.; Chang, A.; Malambo, L.; Popescu, S.C.; et al. Measurement and Calibration of Plant-Height from Fixed-Wing UAV Images. Sensors 2018, 18, 4092. https://doi.org/10.3390/s18124092.
103. Discover Intelligent Photogrammetry with Metashape. Available online: https://www.agisoft.com/ (accessed on 21 November 2022).
104. PIX4Dmapper: Professional Photogrammetry Software for Drone Mapping. Available online: https://www.pix4d.com/product/pix4dmapper-photogrammetry-software (accessed on 21 November 2022).
105. DJI Terra: Make the World Your Digital Asset. Available online: https://www.dji.com/dji-terra (accessed on 22 November 2022).
106. ArcGIS Pro: The World’s Leading GIS Software. Available online: https://www.esri.com/en-us/arcgis/products/arcgis-pro/overview (accessed on 21 November 2022).
107. ENVI: Process and Analyze All Types of Imagery and Data. Available online: https://www.l3harrisgeospatial.com/Software- Technology/ENVI (accessed on 21 November 2022).
108. Rojas, F.A. Exploring Machine Learning for Disease Assessment from Highresolution UAV Imagery. Master’s Thesis, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands, 2018.
109. Shu, M.; Shen, M.; Zuo, J.; Yin, P.; Wang, M.; Xie, Z.; Tang, J.; Wang, R.; Li, B.; Yang, X.; et al. The Application of UAV-Based Hyperspectral Imaging to Estimate Crop Traits in Maize Inbred Lines. Plant Phenomics 2021, 2021, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.34133/2021/9890745.
110. Meena, S.V.; Dhaka, V.S.; Sinwar, D. Exploring the Role of Vegetation Indices in Plant Diseases Identification. In Proceedings of the 2020 Sixth International Conference on Parallel, Distributed and Grid Computing (PDGC), Waknaghat, India, 3–6 November 2020; pp. 372–377.
111. Neupane, K.; Baysal-Gurel, F. Automatic Identification and Monitoring of Plant Diseases Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles: A Review. Remote Sens. 2021, 13, 3841. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13193841.
112. Marin, D.B.; Ferraz, G.A.S.; Santana, L.S.; Barbosa, B.D.S.; Barata, R.A.P.; Osco, L.P.; Ramos, A.P.M.; Guimarães, P.H.S. Detecting Coffee Leaf Rust with UAV-Based Vegetation Indices and Decision Tree Machine Learning Models. Comput. Electron. Agric. 2021, 190, 106476. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2021.106476.
113. Zhao, H.; Yang, C.; Guo, W.; Zhang, L.; Zhang, D. Automatic Estimation of Crop Disease Severity Levels Based on Vegetation Index Normalization. Remote Sens. 2020, 12, 1930. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12121930.
114. Index DataBase. Available online: https://www.indexdatabase.de/ (accessed on 20 September 2022).
115. Golhani, K.; Balasundram, S.K.; Vadamalai, G.; Pradhan, B. A Review of Neural Networks in Plant Disease Detection Using Hyperspectral Data. Inf. Process. Agric. 2018, 5, 354–371. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inpa.2018.05.002.
116. Mahlein, A.-K.; Rumpf, T.; Welke, P.; Dehne, H.-W.; Plümer, L.; Steiner, U.; Oerke, E.-C. Development of Spectral Indices for Detecting and Identifying Plant Diseases. Remote Sens. Environ. 2013, 128, 21–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2012.09.019.
117. Meng, R.; Lv, Z.; Yan, J.; Chen, G.; Zhao, F.; Zeng, L.; Xu, B. Development of Spectral Disease Indices for Southern Corn Rust Detection and Severity Classification. Remote Sens. 2020, 12, 3233. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12193233.
118. Castelao Tetila, E.; Brandoli Machado, B.; Belete, N.A.d.S.; Guimaraes, D.A.; Pistori, H. Identification of Soybean Foliar Diseases Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Images. IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. 2017, 14, 2190–2194. https://doi.org/10.1109/LGRS.2017.2743715.
119. Hlaing, C.S.; Maung Zaw, S.M. Tomato Plant Diseases Classification Using Statistical Texture Feature and Color Feature. In Proceedings of the 2018 IEEE/ACIS 17th International Conference on Computer and Information Science (ICIS), Singapore, 6–8 June 2018; pp. 439–444.
120. Hu, G.; Yin, C.; Wan, M.; Zhang, Y.; Fang, Y. Recognition of Diseased Pinus Trees in UAV Images Using Deep Learning and AdaBoost Classifier. Biosyst. Eng. 2020, 194, 138–151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2020.03.021.
121. Wiesner-Hanks, T.; Wu, H.; Stewart, E.; DeChant, C.; Kaczmar, N.; Lipson, H.; Gore, M.A.; Nelson, R.J. Millimeter-Level Plant Disease Detection From Aerial Photographs via Deep Learning and Crowdsourced Data. Front. Plant Sci. 2019, 10, 1550. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.01550.
122. Ahmad, A.; Aggarwal, V.; Saraswat, D.; El Gamal, A.; Johal, G.S. GeoDLS: A Deep Learning-Based Corn Disease Tracking and Location System Using RTK Geolocated UAS Imagery. Remote Sens. 2022, 14, 4140. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14174140.
123. Tetila, E.C.; Machado, B.B.; Menezes, G.K.; Da Silva Oliveira, A.; Alvarez, M.; Amorim, W.P.; De Souza Belete, N.A.; Da Silva, G.G.; Pistori, H. Automatic Recognition of Soybean Leaf Diseases Using UAV Images and Deep Convolutional Neural Networks. IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. 2020, 17, 903–907. https://doi.org/10.1109/LGRS.2019.2932385.
124. Sugiura, R.; Tsuda, S.; Tsuji, H.; Murakami, N. Virus-Infected Plant Detection in Potato Seed Production Field by UAV Imagery. In Proceedings of the 2018 ASABE Annual International Meeting, Detroit, MI, USA, 29 July–1 August 2018; American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers: St. Joseph, MI, USA, 2018.
125. Musci, M.A.; Persello, C.; Lingua, A.M. UAV Images and Deep-Learning Algorithms for Detecting Flavescence Doree Disease in Grapevine Orchards. Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci. 2020, XLIII-B3-2020, 1483–1489. https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLIII-B3-2020-1483-2020.
126. You, J.; Zhang, R.; Lee, J. A Deep Learning-Based Generalized System for Detecting Pine Wilt Disease Using RGB-Based UAV Images. Remote Sens. 2021, 14, 150. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14010150.
127. Li, F.; Liu, Z.; Shen, W.; Wang, Y.; Wang, Y.; Ge, C.; Sun, F.; Lan, P. A Remote Sensing and Airborne Edge-Computing Based Detection System for Pine Wilt Disease. IEEE Access 2021, 9, 66346–66360. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3073929.
128. Pan, Q.; Gao, M.; Wu, P.; Yan, J.; Li, S. A Deep-Learning-Based Approach for Wheat Yellow Rust Disease Recognition from Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Images. Sensors 2021, 21, 6540. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21196540.
129. Kerkech, M.; Hafiane, A.; Canals, R.; Ros, F. Vine Disease Detection by Deep Learning Method Combined with 3D Depth Information. In Image and Signal Processing; El Moataz, A., Mammass, D., Mansouri, A., Nouboud, F., Eds.; Lecture Notes in Computer Science; Springer International Publishing: Cham, Switzerland, 2020; Volume 12119, pp. 82–90; ISBN 978-3-030- 51934-6.
130. Gao, J.; Westergaard, J.C.; Sundmark, E.H.R.; Bagge, M.; Liljeroth, E.; Alexandersson, E. Automatic Late Blight Lesion Recognition and Severity Quantification Based on Field Imagery of Diverse Potato Genotypes by Deep Learning. Knowl. -Based Syst. 2021, 214, 106723. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.knosys.2020.106723.
131. Han, Z.; Hu, W.; Peng, S.; Lin, H.; Zhang, J.; Zhou, J.; Wang, P.; Dian, Y. Detection of Standing Dead Trees after Pine Wilt Disease Outbreak with Airborne Remote Sensing Imagery by Multi-Scale Spatial Attention Deep Learning and Gaussian Kernel Approach. Remote Sens. 2022, 14, 3075. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14133075.
132. Diez, Y.; Kentsch, S.; Fukuda, M.; Caceres, M.L.L.; Moritake, K.; Cabezas, M. Deep Learning in Forestry Using UAV-Acquired RGB Data: A Practical Review. Remote Sens. 2021, 13, 2837. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13142837.
133. Wu, H.; Wiesner-Hanks, T.; Stewart, E.L.; DeChant, C.; Kaczmar, N.; Gore, M.A.; Nelson, R.J.; Lipson, H. Autonomous Detection of Plant Disease Symptoms Directly from Aerial Imagery. Plant Phenome J. 2019, 2, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.2135/tppj2019.03.0006.
134. Shaw, G.A.; Burke, H.K. Spectral Imaging for Remote Sensing. Linc. Lab. J. 2003, 14, 3–28.
135. Mahlein, A.-K.; Steiner, U.; Hillnhütter, C.; Dehne, H.-W.; Oerke, E.-C. Hyperspectral Imaging for Small-Scale Analysis of Symptoms Caused by Different Sugar Beet Diseases. Plant Methods 2012, 8, 3. https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-4811-8-3.
136. Kumar, A.; Lee, W.S.; Ehsani, R.J.; Albrigo, G.; Yang, C.; Mangane, R.L. Citrus Greening Disease Detection Using Aerial Hyperspectral and Multispectral Imaging Techniques. J. Appl. Remote Sens. 2012, 6, 063542. https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JRS.6.063542.
137. Li, L.; Zhang, S.; Wang, B. Plant Disease Detection and Classification by Deep Learning—A Review. IEEE Access 2021, 9, 56683– 56698. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3069646.
Примечание издателя
MDPI сохраняет нейтралитет в отношении юрисдикционных притязаний на опубликованных картах и институциональной принадлежности.
Авторские права и лицензия
© 2022 авторы. Лицензиат: MDPI, Базель, Швейцария. Статья открытого доступа распространяется на условиях лицензии CreativeCommons Attribution (CC BY) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).